Abstract Background In most cases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is preventable through primary prevention and control of traditional risk factors, such as smoking cessation, regular physical activity, and adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The assessment of diet quality of ACVD patients would be important for a dietary intervention. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate diet quality of ACVD patients and its association with clinical conditions. Methods This cross-sectional study was nested within a randomized clinical trial entitled “Programa Alimentar Cardioprotetor Brasileiro.” Baseline data of 80 patients from Pelotas, Brazil, were obtained. Food consumption was assessed using 24-h food recall and the Revised Diet Quality Index (IQD-R). Data on smoking status and comorbidities were reported by the patients during medical history taking. To analyze the associations between IQD-R and clinical variables, unpaired Student’s t-test or the analysis of variance was performed. The significance level was 5%. Results Most of the sample consisted of men (66.5%), elderly individuals (52.50%), patients with hypertension (78.75%), dyslipidemia (58.75%), and overweight (73.75%). The average IQD-R score was 56.7 ± 12.6 points. Better quality of diet was observed for patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (61.1 ± 11.8 versus 54.0 ± 12.6 points; p=0.014). Conclusion There is a need to improve diet quality of ACVD patients. Patients ACVD and diabetes had better diet quality compared to those without diabetes.

Abstract Background In most cases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is preventable through primary prevention and control of traditional risk factors, such as smoking cessation, regular physical activity, and adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The assessment of diet quality of ACVD patients would be important for a dietary intervention. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate diet quality of ACVD patients and its association with clinical conditions. Methods This cross-sectional study was nested within a randomized clinical trial entitled “Programa Alimentar Cardioprotetor Brasileiro.” Baseline data of 80 patients from Pelotas, Brazil, were obtained. Food consumption was assessed using 24-h food recall and the Revised Diet Quality Index (IQD-R). Data on smoking status and comorbidities were reported by the patients during medical history taking. To analyze the associations between IQD-R and clinical variables, unpaired Student’s t-test or the analysis of variance was performed. The significance level was 5%. Results Most of the sample consisted of men (66.5%), elderly individuals (52.50%), patients with hypertension (78.75%), dyslipidemia (58.75%), and overweight (73.75%). The average IQD-R score was 56.7 ± 12.6 points. Better quality of diet was observed for patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (61.1 ± 11.8 versus 54.0 ± 12.6 points; p=0.014). Conclusion There is a need to improve diet quality of ACVD patients. Patients ACVD and diabetes had better diet quality compared to those without diabetes.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme that has antioxidant potential, which confers a protective effect against the atherosclerotic process. However, studies associating genetics, dietary patterns and PON1 activity in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of dietary factors on serum PON1 in CVD patients. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional, sub-study of the BALANCE Program Trial. All patients aged 45 years or older and had evidence of established atherosclerotic disease in the preceding 10 years. Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose were collected. Food intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recall. Data was analyzed using SAS University Edition and a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Sample was divided into three groups, according to the PON1 T(-107)C genotype (CC, CT and TT) and serum PON1 activity (Low, Medium, High). Results: There were no genotype differences for major factors. However, the systolic blood pressure was lower for CT individuals (p<0.05). Intake of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAS) was higher in patients with lower PON1 activity. Lipid ingestion tended to be higher in patients with lower PON1 activity (p=0.08). In the multivariate logistic regression model, SFA intake (P=0.03), genotype (P=0.09), gender (P=0.04), age (P=0.07) and carbohydrate intake (P=0.16) contributed the most to the serum PON1 activity. Conclusion: Based on these findings, nutritional guidance for these patients becomes essential, since dietary components interact with serum PON1 activity more than genotype.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to analyze the consumption of foods according to their degree of processing in patients with established atherosclerosis disease. A cross-sectional study was performed with 74 patients of the BALANCE Program trial, a randomized, multicenter and national clinical trial occurring in Brazil. Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose were collected. Food intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recall. Consumption of nutrients was analyzed in quartiles of consumption of ultra-processed foods and their differences were obtained by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Half of consumed calories came from natural or minimally processed foods (50.9%), followed by ultra-processed food products (35.1%). The largest contribution in calories came from meats, cereals/roots/tubers, breads, and sweets. No significant difference was found in quartiles of consumption of ultra-processed foods. In this sample, consumption of processed/ultra-processed food was almost the same as natural/minimally processed foods. Preferential consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods should be more widely advocated by health professionals.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el consumo de alimentos, de acuerdo con su grado de procesamiento, en pacientes con enfermedad arterioesclerótica establecida. Estudio transversal, en 74 pacientes del BALANCE Program trial que es un ensayo clínico randomizado, multicéntrico y nacional que se realiza en Brasil. Se midió el peso corporal, la talla, la circunferencia de la cintura, la presión arterial, el perfil lipídico y la glucosa en ayunas. La ingesta de alimentos se evaluó con un recordatorio de 24 horas. El consumo de nutrientes se analizó en cuartiles de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y sus diferencias se pusieron a prueba mediante ANOVA de una vía. La mitad de las calorías consumidas provino de alimentos naturales o mínimamente procesados (50.9%), seguidos por productos alimenticios ultraprocesados (35.1%). La mayor contribución en calorías provino de carnes, cereales/raíces/tubérculos, panes y dulces. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los cuartiles de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. En esta muestra, el consumo de alimentos procesados/ultraprocesados fue casi el mismo que de los alimentos naturales/mínimamente procesados. El consumo preferencial de alimentos no procesados/mínimamente procesados debería ser defendido más ampliamente por profesionales de la salud.

Resumo O presente estudo investigou a associação entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas em análise transversal, realizado com dados secundários referentes à primeira consulta do ensaio clínico randomizado Dieta Cardioprotetora Brasileira (2013-2014). Foram coletados peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum e dados de um recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Diferenças entre o consumo e não consumo de bebidas açucaradas foram avaliadas pelo teste T de student. Para analisar a associação entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e fatores bioquímicos e antropométricos foi utilizado o teste qui quadrado. A amostra foi de 2.172 indivíduos, sendo a maioria homens (58,5%), idosos (63,6%), do nível econômico C (57,3%), com ensino fundamental (45,8%) e com excesso de peso (62,7%). Houve associação significativa entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e maior valores de índice de massa corporal (p=0,029), circunferência da cintura (p=0,004) e triglicerídeos (p=0,023). Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de intervenção nutricional quanto ao consumo de bebidas açucaradas como parte do tratamento dietético desta população.

Abstract This study investigated the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and anthropometric and biochemical variables in a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data from the first visit of the randomized clinical trial of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program) (2013-2014). Weight, height, waist circumference, lipid profile and fasting glycemia and a 24-hour diet recall were collected. Differences between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were evaluated by Student’s t-test. The Chi-square test was employed to analyze the association between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and biochemical and anthropometric factors. The sample consisted of 2,172 individuals, mostly men (58.5%), elderly (63.6%), C-rated economic class (57.3%), and overweight (62.7%). A statistically significant difference was found between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and higher BMI values (p=0.029), waist circumference (p=0.004) and triglycerides (p=0.023). These results emphasize the need for nutritional intervention regarding the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages as part of the dietary treatment of this population.

Resumo O presente estudo investigou a associação entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas em análise transversal, realizado com dados secundários referentes à primeira consulta do ensaio clínico randomizado Dieta Cardioprotetora Brasileira (2013-2014). Foram coletados peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum e dados de um recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Diferenças entre o consumo e não consumo de bebidas açucaradas foram avaliadas pelo teste T de student. Para analisar a associação entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e fatores bioquímicos e antropométricos foi utilizado o teste qui quadrado. A amostra foi de 2.172 indivíduos, sendo a maioria homens (58,5%), idosos (63,6%), do nível econômico C (57,3%), com ensino fundamental (45,8%) e com excesso de peso (62,7%). Houve associação significativa entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e maior valores de índice de massa corporal (p=0,029), circunferência da cintura (p=0,004) e triglicerídeos (p=0,023). Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de intervenção nutricional quanto ao consumo de bebidas açucaradas como parte do tratamento dietético desta população.

Abstract This study investigated the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and anthropometric and biochemical variables in a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data from the first visit of the randomized clinical trial of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program) (2013-2014). Weight, height, waist circumference, lipid profile and fasting glycemia and a 24-hour diet recall were collected. Differences between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were evaluated by Student’s t-test. The Chi-square test was employed to analyze the association between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and biochemical and anthropometric factors. The sample consisted of 2,172 individuals, mostly men (58.5%), elderly (63.6%), C-rated economic class (57.3%), and overweight (62.7%). A statistically significant difference was found between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and higher BMI values (p=0.029), waist circumference (p=0.004) and triglycerides (p=0.023). These results emphasize the need for nutritional intervention regarding the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages as part of the dietary treatment of this population.

Abstract Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and which risk factors cause more impact in metabolic syndrome in patients with established atherosclerosis disease. A cross-sectional study was performed as a subanalysis of Programa Alimentação Cardioprotetora Brasileira. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose were collected. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the harmonized criteria. Linear regression was used to analyze the association between number of components of metabolic syndrome and risk factors. 82 patients were included and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 84.1%. Being overweight was associated with an increase by 0.55 point in diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome in crude analysis (95%CI 0.09-1.00) and 0.64 in adjusted analysis (95%CI 0.18-1.09), while former/current smoker status was responsible for raising by 0.48 the number of components of metabolic syndrome, only in adjusted analysis (95%CI 0.04-0.92). Overweight and former/current smoker status are associated with MS, increasing the probability of atherosclerotic events. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population.

Resumo Objetivos: Estudar a associação do olho seco com a atividade do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e seus danos cumulativos. Verificar se o perfil epidemiológico, de tratamento e de auto anticorpos de pacientes com LES influencia a presença de olho seco. Métodos: Foram estudados 70 pacientes com LES para a presença de olho seco pelo teste de Schirmer, atividade da doença por SLEDAI (SLE Disease Activity Index) e dano cumulativo por SLICC/ACR DI (Clínicas Colaborativas Internacionais de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). Os pacientes também foram submetidos ao questionário OSDI (índice de doenças da superfície ocular). Os dados epidemiológicos e de tratamento e o perfil de auto anticorpos foram extraídos dos prontuários. Resultados: Olho seco pelo teste de Schirmer esteve presente em 51,4% da amostra. Nenhuma associação da presença de olho seco com SLEDAI e SLICC/ACR DI foi encontrada (p = ns). Os sintomas subjetivos do olho seco medidos por OSDI mostraram uma correlação modesta com SLEDAI (Rho de Spearman = 0,32) . O perfil do tratamento não influenciou na presença de olho seco que era mais comum em uns pacientes mais idosos (p < 0, 1). Anti dsDNA teve uma associação negativa com a presença de teste positivo de Schirmer (p = 0, 8). Conclusões: Olho seco detectado pelo teste de Schirmer em pacientes com LES não tem associação com atividade da doença nem dano cumulativo. Anti dsDNA parece ter um efeito protetor neste contexto.

Abstract Objective: To study the association of dry eye with lupus disease activity and cumulative damage. To verify if epidemiological, treatment and autoantibody profile of SLE (systemic Lupus erythematosus) patients influence the presence of dry eye. Methods: We studied 70 SLE patients for the presence of dry eye by Schirmer test, disease activity by SLEDAI (SLE-Disease activity index) and cumulative damage by SLICC/ACR DI (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). Patients were also submitted to the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire. Epidemiological and treatment data and autoantibody profile were extracted from the charts. Results: Dry eye by Schirmer test was present in 51.4% of the sample. No association of the presence of dry eye with SLEDAI and SLICC DI were found (p = ns). Subjective symptoms of dry eye measured by OSDI showed a modest correlation with SLEDAI (Spearman rho = 0.32). Treatment profile did not influence in the presence of dry eye that was more common in older patients (p < 0.0001). Anti dsDNA had a negative association with the presence of positive Schirmer test (p = 0.0008). Conclusions: Dry eye detected by Schirmer test in SLE patients has no association with disease activity nor cumulative damage. Anti dsDNA seems to have a protective effect in this context.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento da função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e qualidade de vida no pré e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos às toracotomias eletivas. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 19 pacientes submetidos à toracotomia eletiva para obtenção dos parâmetros: capacidade vital forçada (CVF), volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax), pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax) e qualidade de vida mediante aplicação do questionário SF-36. Os exames foram realizados no pré-operatório, 2°, 10°, 15°, 30° e 60° dia de pós-operatório. Foram feitas análises de normalidade dos dados utilizando-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk, análise descritiva das variáveis de estudo, bem como, análise de variância com comparações múltiplas utilizando-se os testes ANOVA e Friedman, com valor de p <0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve significativa redução nas variáveis espirométricas e nas pressões respiratórias máximas no 2° pós-operatório. CVF retornou aos valores pré-operatórios entre o 15° e o 30° pós-operatório, enquanto que VEF1 retornou entre o 10° e 15°. PImax e PEmax retornam aos valores pré-operatórios entre o 10° e 15° pós-operatório. Houve redução da qualidade de vida nos domínios capacidade funcional e aspectos físicos, que retornaram aos valores pré-operatórios em até dois meses após o procedimento cirúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: Foi verificada significativa redução na função pulmonar e na força muscular respiratória, que retornaram aos valores basais em até 30 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Houve queda na qualidade de vida, que persistiu por até 60 dias após a operação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pre-and postoperative pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and quality of life in patients submitted to elective thoracotomy. METHODS: We selected 19 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy to assess the following parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and quality of life through implementation of the SF-36. The examinations were performed preoperatively and in the second, 10th, 15th, 30th and 60th days postoperatively. We conduced data normality analyzes were made with the Shapiro-Wilk test, descriptive analysis of the study variables, as well as analysis of variance with multiple comparisons using ANOVA and Friedman, p-value <0.05 . RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in spirometric levels and in maximal respiratory pressures in the second postoperative day. FVC returned to preoperative values between the 15th and 30th postoperative days, whereas FEV1, between the 10th and 15th. MIP and MEP returned to preoperative values between the 10th and 15th postoperative days. There was a decrease in quality of life as for functional capacity and physical aspects, which returned to preoperative values within two months after surgery. CONCLUSION: There was significant reduction in lung function and respiratory muscle strength, which returned to baseline within 30 days after surgery. There was a decrease in quality of life that persisted for up to 60 days after the operation.

This study aims to evaluate the care programmed for diabetics in a Basic Healthcare Unit of the Brazilian National Health in a county in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná. Students and professors of an extension project identified the diabetics registered in the unit and analysed how it controlled the condition. Service users who did not comply with treatment or who did not experience improvements in their condition were visited for identification of the reasons, care orientation and the booking of checkups or exams. After the fourth month the analysis was repeated, showing a significant improvement in compliance and in the control of the patients' diabetes. Based on this, there was a revision of the planning and evaluation of care. The opening of the unit to the university's participation constituted an important learning space and contributed to modifying the assistance given to service users, the main objective of the health services.

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el cuidado programado al diabético en Unidad Básica de Salud del Sistema Único de Salud de un municipio de la región metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. Estudiantes y profesores de proyecto de extensión identificaron los diabéticos registrados y analizaron el control de la enfermedad por la unidad de salud. Los usuarios que no participaron de los cuidados o no mejoraron fueron visitados para identificación de los motivos, orientación del cuidado y para concertar consultas o exámenes. Despues del cuarto mes, se repitió el análisis, verificándose expresiva mejora en la adhesión y en el control del diabetis. Así, hubo revisión del planeamiento y evaluación del cuidado. La apertura del servicio para la participación de la universidad constituyó importante espacio de aprendizaje y contribuyó para cualificar el atendimiento a los usuarios, objetivo principal de los servicios de salud.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o cuidado programado ao diabético em Unidade Básica de Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde de um município da região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. Estudantes e professores de projeto de extensão identificaram os diabéticos cadastrados e analisaram o controle da doença pela unidade de saúde. Os usuários que não aderiam aos cuidados ou não obtinham melhora foram visitados para identificação dos motivos, orientação do cuidado e agendamento de consultas ou exames. Após o quarto mês, repetiu-se a análise, verificando-se expressiva melhora na adesão e no controle do diabetes. A partir disso, houve revisão do planejamento e avaliação do cuidado. A abertura do serviço para a participação da universidade constituiu importante espaço de aprendizagem e contribuiu para qualificar o atendimento aos usuários, objetivo maior dos serviços de saúde.

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da terapia do laser de baixa potência (LBP) e hidróxido de alumínio (HA) na prevenção da mucosite oral (MO). Um estudo prospectivo, comparativo e não-aleatorizado foi conduzido com 25 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia (RT) ou radioquimioterapia (RT/QT). Doze pacientes receberam LBP (830 nm, 15 mW, 12 J/cm²) diariamente desde o primeiro dia até o final da RT antes de cada sessão durante 5 dias consecutivos, e os outros 13 pacientes receberam HA 310 mg/5 mL, 4 vezes ao dia, também por toda a duração da RT, incluindo finais de semana. MO foi mensurada usando uma escala de toxicidade oral (ETO) e dor foi mensurada usando a escala visual analógica (EVA). Questionários da EORTC foram administrados para a avaliação do impacto da MO na qualidade de vida. O grupo LBP mostrou menores médias dos escores da ETO e EVA durante o curso da RT. Uma diferença significante foi observada na avaliação da dor na 13ª sessão de RT (p=0,036). Em ambos os grupos, nenhuma interrupção da RT foi necessária. O uso profilático de ambos os tratamentos propostos neste estudo parece reduzir a incidência de lesões severas de MO. No entanto, o LBP foi mais efetivo no atraso do aparecimento da MO severa.

This study evaluated the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and aluminum hydroxide (AH) in the prevention of oral mucositis (OM). A prospective, comparative and non-randomized study was conducted with 25 patients with head and neck cancer subjected to radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). Twelve patients received LLLT (830 nm, 15 mW, 12 J/cm²) daily from the 1st day until the end of RT before each sessions during 5 consecutive days, and the other 13 patients received AH 310 mg/5 mL, 4 times/day, also throughout the duration of RT, including weekends. OM was measured using an oral toxicity scale (OTS) and pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). EORTC questionnaires were administered to the evaluate impact of OM on quality of life. The LLLT group showed lower mean OTS and VAS scores during the course of RT. A significant difference was observed in pain evaluation in the 13th RT session (p=0.036). In both groups, no interruption of RT was needed. The prophylactic use of both treatments proposed in this study seems to reduce the incidence of severe OM lesions. However, the LLLT was more effective in delaying the appearance of severe OM.

Entender os processos naturais que regulam a composição da atmosfera é crítico para que se possa desenvolver uma estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável na região. As grandes emissões de gases e partículas durante a estação seca provenientes das queimadas alteram profundamente a composição da atmosfera amazônica na maior parte de sua área. As concentrações de partículas de aerossóis e gases traço aumentam por fatores de 2 a 8 em grandes áreas, afetando os mecanismos naturais de uma série de processos atmosféricos na região amazônica. Os mecanismos de formação de nuvens, por exemplo, são profundamente alterados quando a concentração de núcleos de condensação de nuvens (NCN) passa de 200 a 300 NCN/cm³ na estação chuvosa para 5.000-10.000 NCN/centímetro cúbico na estação seca. As gotas de nuvens sofrem uma redução de tamanho de 18 a 25 micrômetros para 5 a 10 micrômetros, diminuindo a eficiência do processo de precipitação e suprimindo a formação de nuvens. A concentração de ozônio, um gás importante para a saúde da floresta amazônica passa de cerca de 12 partes por bilhão em volume (ppb) (concentração típica ao meio do dia na estação chuvosa) para valores em regiões fortemente impactadas por queimadas de até 100 ppb, nível que pode ser fitotóxico para a vegetação. O balanço de radiação é fortemente afetado, com uma perda líquida de até 70% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa na superfície.

The understanding of the natural processes that regulate atmospheric composition in Amazonia is critical to the establishment of a sustainable development strategy in the region. The large emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the dry season, as a result of biomass burning, profoundly change the composition of the atmosphere in most of its area. The concentration of trace gases and aerosols increases by a factor of 2 to 8 over large areas, affecting the natural mechanisms of several key atmospheric processes in the region. Cloud formation mechanisms, for instance, are strongly affected when the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) changes from 200-300 CCN/cc in the wet season to 5,000-10,000 CCN/cc in the dry season. The cloud droplet radius is reduced from values of 18 to 25 micrometers in the wet season to 5 to 10 micrometers in the dry season, suppressing cloud formation and the occurrence of precipitation under some conditions. Ozone is a key trace gas for changes in the forest health, with concentrations increasing from 12 parts per billion (ppb), at the wet season, to values as high as 100 ppb (in the dry season in areas strongly affected by biomass burning emissions). At this level, ozone could be damaging the vegetation in regions far from the emissions. The atmospheric radiation balance is also strongly affected, with a net loss of up to 70% of photosynthetic active radiation at the surface.

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, determinar o valor de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) de ingredientes protéicos alternativos, para frangos de corte na fase pré-inicial, e avaliar os efeitos da utilização desses ingredientes na primeira semana de vida de frangos sobre o desempenho e o desenvolvimento do trato gastrintestinal (TGI). No ensaio de metabolismo, 288 aves (4 a 7 dias de idade) foram distribuídas em seis tratamentos (uma dieta-referência e cinco dietas com inclusão dos ingredientes-teste: isolado protéico de soja [IS], ovo em pó [OP], plasma sangüíneo [PS], farelo de glúten de milho [GM] e levedura seca [LS]) e quatro repetições de 12 aves. Na avaliação do desempenho e do TGI, 624 aves foram alojadas em baterias com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de 26 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 1 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja, 2 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + IS, 3 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + OP, 4 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + PS, 5 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + GM e 6 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + LS. As aves foram submetidas aos tratamentos de 1 a 7 dias de idade. Aos 1, 4 e 7 dias de idade, as aves foram abatidas para mensuração dos órgãos do TGI. A EMAn dos ingredientes foi de 2.110, 5.095, 3.831, 3.374 e 2.037 kcal/kg (na matéria natural) para IS, OP, PS, GM e LS, respectivamente. De maneira geral, o desempenho das aves de 1 a 7 dias de idade foi afetado pelos diferentes tratamentos, mas esse efeito não persistiu até os 21 dias. As diferentes fontes de proteína afetaram o desenvolvimento do TGI, mas esses efeitos não explicam o desempenho das aves.

The purpose of this study was to determine the N-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (EMAn) of alternative protein ingredients, for newly hatched chicks, and to evaluate the effects of the utilization of these ingredients in the first week broiler feed, on the performance and gastrointestinal tract (TGI) development. In the metabolism trial, 288 male chicks from 4 to 7 days were allotted to a completely randomized design with six treatments (a reference diet and five diets with inclusion of the test ingredients) and four replicates of 12 birds. The ingredients evaluated were: isolated soy protein (IS), dried whole eggs (OP), blood plasma (PS), corn gluten meal (GM) and dried sugar cane yeast (LS). To evaluate the performance and TGI, 624 birds were allocated in brooder batteries with six treatments and four replicates of 26 birds. The treatments were: 1 - corn and soybean meal diet, 2 - corn and soybean meal diet + IS, 3 - corn and soybean meal diet + OP, 4 - corn and soybean meal diet + PS, 5 - corn and soybean meal diet + GM and 6 - corn and soybean meal diet + LS. The birds received the treatments only from 1 to 7 days. Birds were sampled at 1, 4 and 7 days of age in order to evaluate the TGI organs. The EMAn of the ingredients determined for chicks in the first week were 2,110; 5,095; 3,831; 3,374 and 2,037 kcal/kg (as-fed basis) for IS, OP, PS, GM and LS, respectively. In general, the performance of the birds from 1 to 7 days was affected by the different treatments, but this effect was not maintained up to 21 days. The different protein sources affected the TGI development, but these effects did not explain broiler performance.

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, determinar a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) de ingredientes como fonte de carboidrato para frangos de corte de 1 a 7 dias de idade, bem como avaliar a utilização destes diferentes ingredientes em dietas pré-iniciais sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de órgãos do trato gastrintestinal (TGI) e desempenho das aves. No Experimento 1, foi utilizado o método de coleta total das excretas com 220 pintos de 4 a 7 dias de idade, alojados em baterias em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (uma dieta-referência e quatro dietas com inclusão de 20% do ingrediente-teste - amido de milho [AMI], amido de mandioca [AMA], glicose [GLI] e sacarose [SAC]) e quatro repetições de 11 aves. No Experimento 2, foram utilizados 520 pintos de corte machos de um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 26 aves. Os tratamentos foram aplicados de 1 a 7 dias e, no período subseqüente, as aves tiveram acesso a uma dieta basal padrão. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 1 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja, 2 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + AMI, 3 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + AMA, 4 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + GLI, 5 - dieta de milho e farelo de soja + SAC. O valor da EMAn determinado para frangos de corte na fase pré-inicial foi de 3.269, 3.690, 3.427 e 3.524 kcal/kg para AMI, AMA, GLI e SAC, respectivamente. Observou-se que o desenvolvimento do TGI, de maneira geral, não foi influenciado pelos diferentes tratamentos, mas o consumo de ração das aves foi aumentado com o fornecimento de carboidrato de maior disponibilidade na dieta pré-inicial, contribuindo para aumento no peso vivo das aves.

This work was conducted to determine the N-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (EMAn) of different carbohydrate sources for broilers from 1 to 7 days, and to evaluate the utilization of these ingredients in the diet of newly hatched broilers based and on live performance and on the gastrointestinal tract (TGI) development. Total excreta collection method was used in trial one, with 220 male chicks from 4 to 7 days, allocated to batteries in a completely randomized design with five treatments (a reference diet and four diets with inclusion of 20% of the test ingredients) and four replicates of 11 birds. The ingredients evaluated were corn starch (AMI), cassava starch (AMA), glucose (GLI) and sucrose (SAC). In Trial 2, 520 day-old male chicks were allotted to a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates of 26 birds. The birds received the treatments (1 - corn and soybean meal diet, 2 - corn and soybean meal diet + AMI, 3 - corn and soybean meal diet + AMA, 4 - corn and soybean meal diet + GLI, 5 - corn and soybean meal diet + SAC) only from 1 to 7 days. From 8 to 21 days, all the birds received a standard diet. The EMAn values of the ingredients determined for broilers in the first week were 3,269; 3,690; 3,427 and 3,524 kcal/kg for AMI, AMA, GLI and SAC, respectively. In general, the results showed that the treatments did not affect the TGI development, but feed intake was improved by the more available carbohydrate sources in the newly hatched chicks diets, contributing to a higher liveweight of the birds.